![]() The ulnar collateral ligament has two parts, which along with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle form the cubital tunnel through which passes the ulnar nerve. The ulnar collateral ligament arises from the medical epicondyle and fans out to insert on the coronoid process and olecranon. Anteriorly and posteriorly, muscles rather than ligaments protect the capsule, but medially and laterally, special ligaments are present. The joint capsule at the elbow is thin and lax, allowing free movement. A single articular capsule surrounds the three joints at the elbow, and a single joint cavity is present. The humeroulnar and humeroradial joints are associated with the movements of flexion and extension of the forearm at the elbow, whereas the proximal radioulnar joint works in conjunction with the distal radioulnar joint to permit pronation and supination. 1,2Īs one can see from the anatomy described above, there are three joints present at what is referred to as “the elbow joint,” and these are, the humeroulnar, humeroradial, and proximal radioulnar joints. The proximal end of the radius is an expanded disc-like head, with a slight concavity allowing for capitulum to rotate on the humerus. On the lateral side of the coronoid process, there is a second articular surface, the radial notch, which receives the head of the radius. The articular surface of the notch is shared by the projecting coronoid process. On the anterior surface of the ulna is the deep trochlear notch for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. The proximal end of the ulna, the olecranon, is subcutaneous. The concavity on the anterior surface of the humerus above the capitulum is the radial fossa, which receives the head of the radius when the forearm is flexed. Posteriorly, the olecranon fossa receives the olecranon, which allows for the hinged joint formed in the elbow for flexion and extension motions. Above the rounded trochlea, anteriorly, is the coronoid fossa which receives the coronoid process of the ulna when the forearm is flexed. The distal end of the humerus has two articular surfaces, a lateral capitulum for articulation with the head of the radius and a medial trochlea for articulation with the ulna. On the posteroinferior surface of the medial epicondyle is the groove for the ulnar nerve to course through. ![]() The medial and lateral borders made up of the supracondylar ridges, give origin to the muscles of the forearm and elbow region to make up the prominent medial and lateral epicondyles. The distal end of the humerus expands laterally and medially, and at that same time becomes flattened anteroposteriorly. The elbow is formed by the articulation of the distal end of the humerus with the proximal ends of the bones of the forearm the radius on the side of the thumb and the ulna on that of the little finger. Also, a focused physical exam in conjunction with imaging studies, when necessary, will provide valuable information needed to arrive at the correct diagnosis. As is key with other musculoskeletal diagnoses, history is a crucial tool that should be utilized to find out about the mechanism of injury in order to diagnose elbow pain. In addition, referred pain may arise from regions above or below the joint. Elbow pain may be due to disorders involving the joint itself or the surrounding structures. Its main role in the upper limb is to help position the hand in the appropriate location, in order for the hand to perform its function. This serves as an attachment point for a connective tissue structure that unites the distal ends of the ulna and radius.The elbow is a complex joint that is designed to withstand a variety of dynamic forces. Projecting from the posterior side of the ulnar head is the styloid process of the ulna, a short bony projection. The small, rounded area that forms the distal end is the head of the ulna. ![]() This is the line of attachment for the interosseous membrane of the forearm, a sheet of dense connective tissue that unites the ulna and radius bones. The lateral side of the shaft forms a ridge called the interosseous border of the ulna. These bones are attached to each other by an interosseous membrane. \): Ulna and Radius.The ulna is located on the medial side of the forearm, and the radius is on the lateral side.
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